Crude oil

Crude oil is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum that consists of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic substances. Crude oil can be refined to produce usable products such as gasoline, diesel and various petrochemicals. It is also known as a fossil fuel, which means that a non-renewable source can consume it and therefore be replaced naturally at a limited resource rate.

Many types of crude oil are produced in the world. The market value of individual crude oil reflects quality characteristics. Two of the most important qualities are density and sulphur content. The intensity varies from light to weight, and sulfur content is characterized as sweet or sour. The crude oils represented in the chart are part of the crude oil marketed in various parts of the world.

Crude oil is a higher-priced crude oil that is generally dense, sour in light (higher degrees of API weight, or a lower density) and sweet (low sulphur content). This is partly due to the fact that gasoline and diesel fuel, which sells a substantial premium to the lower parts of fuel oil and other "barrels", is often easier and cheaper to produce by using mild and sweet crude oil. Mild sweet qualities are desirable because they can be processed with less complex and energy intensive processes/refineries. The figure shows the raw types that have distinguished sulfur content and density properties around the world.

Crude oil
Characteristic features Units Result Test method
Specific gravity > 15.56/15.56 °c …… 0.8778 ASTM D5002
APL Gravity Apl 29.70 ASTM D5002
Sulphur content (total) Wt. % 1.67 ASTM D4294
H2S Content Ppm 14 IP 570
Merkaptan Content Ppm 175 UOP 163
Nitrogen content (total) Wt.% 0.14 ASTM D5762
Water and sediment Vol.% <0.05></0.05> ASTM D4007
Water content Vol.% <0.025></0.025> ASTM D4006
Salt content Ptb 7 ASTM D3230
kinematic Viscosity @ 10 °c Mm 2/S 32.27 ASTM D445
kinematic Viscosity @ 20 °c Mm 2/S 19.67
kinematic Viscosity @ 40 °c Mm 2/S 11.06
Cast point (top) ° C -27 ASTM D5853
Reid's Steam Pressure Psi 6.10 ASTM D323
Asphalt Content Wt. % 3.0 IP 143
Wax Content Wt. % 6 BP 237
Wax drip Melting point ° C 54 IP 133
Conradson Carbon Residue Wt. % 5.83 ASTM D189
Total acid Number Mg Koh/g <0.05></0.05> UOP 565
Nickel content Mg/kg 11 ASTM D5863
Vanadium content Mg/kg 36
Iron content Mg/kg 1
Lead content Mg/kg <1></1>
Sodium content Mg/kg 8
Zinc content Mg/kg <1></1>
Copper content Mg/kg <1></1>
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