Crude oil
Crude oil is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum that consists of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic substances. Crude oil can be refined to produce usable products such as gasoline, diesel and various petrochemicals. It is also known as a fossil fuel, which means that a non-renewable source can consume it and therefore be replaced naturally at a limited resource rate.
Many types of crude oil are produced in the world. The market value of individual crude oil reflects quality characteristics. Two of the most important qualities are density and sulphur content. The intensity varies from light to weight, and sulfur content is characterized as sweet or sour. The crude oils represented in the chart are part of the crude oil marketed in various parts of the world.
Crude oil is a higher-priced crude oil that is generally dense, sour in light (higher degrees of API weight, or a lower density) and sweet (low sulphur content). This is partly due to the fact that gasoline and diesel fuel, which sells a substantial premium to the lower parts of fuel oil and other "barrels", is often easier and cheaper to produce by using mild and sweet crude oil. Mild sweet qualities are desirable because they can be processed with less complex and energy intensive processes/refineries. The figure shows the raw types that have distinguished sulfur content and density properties around the world.
| Crude oil | ||||||
| Characteristic features | Units | Result | Test method | |||
| Specific gravity > 15.56/15.56 °c | …… | 0.8778 | ASTM D5002 | |||
| APL Gravity | Apl | 29.70 | ASTM D5002 | |||
| Sulphur content (total) | Wt. % | 1.67 | ASTM D4294 | |||
| H2S Content | Ppm | 14 | IP 570 | |||
| Merkaptan Content | Ppm | 175 | UOP 163 | |||
| Nitrogen content (total) | Wt.% | 0.14 | ASTM D5762 | |||
| Water and sediment | Vol.% | <0.05></0.05> | ASTM D4007 | |||
| Water content | Vol.% | <0.025></0.025> | ASTM D4006 | |||
| Salt content | Ptb | 7 | ASTM D3230 | |||
| kinematic Viscosity @ 10 °c | Mm 2/S | 32.27 | ASTM D445 | |||
| kinematic Viscosity @ 20 °c | Mm 2/S | 19.67 | ||||
| kinematic Viscosity @ 40 °c | Mm 2/S | 11.06 | ||||
| Cast point (top) | ° C | -27 | ASTM D5853 | |||
| Reid's Steam Pressure | Psi | 6.10 | ASTM D323 | |||
| Asphalt Content | Wt. % | 3.0 | IP 143 | |||
| Wax Content | Wt. % | 6 | BP 237 | |||
| Wax drip Melting point | ° C | 54 | IP 133 | |||
| Conradson Carbon Residue | Wt. % | 5.83 | ASTM D189 | |||
| Total acid Number | Mg Koh/g | <0.05></0.05> | UOP 565 | |||
| Nickel content | Mg/kg | 11 | ASTM D5863 | |||
| Vanadium content | Mg/kg | 36 | ||||
| Iron content | Mg/kg | 1 | ||||
| Lead content | Mg/kg | <1></1> | ||||
| Sodium content | Mg/kg | 8 | ||||
| Zinc content | Mg/kg | <1></1> | ||||
| Copper content | Mg/kg | <1></1> | ||||
